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Laugh-O-Gram Studio was a short-lived film studio located on the second floor of the McConahay Building at 1127 East 31st in Kansas City, Missouri. The studio played a role in the early years of animation: it was home to many of the pioneers of animation, brought there by Walt Disney, and is said to be the place to have provided Disney, but more importantly Ub Iwerks, with the inspiration to create Mickey Mouse. Laugh-O-Gram was the subject of two feature films As Dreamers Do and ''Walt Before Mickey''. In 2015 the Laugh-O-Gram Studio(s) was revived as a family entertainment media company. ==History== In 1921, Walt Disney was contracted by Milton Feld to animate twelve cartoons, which he called Newman's Laugh-O-grams. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://kpolsson.com/disnehis/index.htm ) Source: Page 67. "Disney's World", by Leonard Mosley, 1985.〕 On May 23, 1922, Laugh-O-gram Films was incorporated by Disney using the remaining assets of the defunct Iwerks-Disney Commercial ArtAaron from local investors. LOGF produced nine of the requested 12 films with little income.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://kpolsson.com/disnehis/index.htm ) Source: *The Disney Studio Story, by Richard Holliss and Brian Sibley, 1988. *The Art of Walt Disney - From Mickey Mouse to the Magic Kingdoms, by Christopher Finch, 1973. *Disney's Art of Animation - From Mickey Mouse to Beauty and the Beast, by Bob Thomas, 1991. *Page 19. Walt Disney - Hollywood's Dark Prince, by Marc Eliot, 1993. *Page 67. "Disney's World", by Leonard Mosley, 1985. *Page 140. The International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers: Volume II - Directors/Filmmakers, by Christopher Lyon, 1984. *Page 62. Walt Disney - An American Original, by Bob Thomas, 1994. *Page 40. Walt in Wonderland - The Silent Films of Walt Disney, by Russell Merritt and J.B. Kaufman, 1993. *Page 41. Walt Disney, by Jim Fanning, 1994. *Page 9. Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse - His Life and Times, by Richard Holliss, 1986. *Page 41. Walt Disney - Pop Culture Legends, by Jim Fanning, 1994. *Page 42. Building a Company - Roy O. Disney and the Creation of an Entertainment Empire, by Bob Thomas, 1998. *Page 13. Disney - The First 100 Years, updated edition, by Dave Smith and Steven Clark, 2002. *Page 61. Walt Disney - The Triumph of the American Imagination, by Neal Gabler, 2006.〕 But encouraged by his shorts' popularity at the theatre, and inspired by Terrytoons' Aesop's Fables, Walt decided he wanted to make his own animated versions of fairytales too, and invested six months on his first attempt Little Red Riding Hood.〔(Walt Disney's Laugh-O-grams, 1921-1923 | Silent Film Festival )〕 Among Disney's employees on the series were several pioneers of animation: Ub Iwerks, Hugh Harman, Friz Freleng, and Carman Maxwell. The company had problems making ends meet: by the end of 1922, Disney was living in the office and taking baths once a week at Union Station. During the studio's sales manager Leslie Mace's stay in New York, where he was looking for distributors, he ended up signing a contract for six animated shorts with Pictorial Clubs, Inc. of Tennessee on Sunday, September 16, 1922. Pictorial agreed to pay $11,000 for the cartoons, which were supposed to be shown at schools and other non-theatrical places, but only paid $100 in advance. The rest of the payment would have to wait till January 1, 1924, when all the shorts had been delivered. When Pictorial went bankrupt only a few months later, the studio never received the rest of the payment and its financial problems became even more serious, and the staff ended up leaving.〔(Walt Before Mickey: Disney's Early Years, 1919-1928 )〕 But when the local Kansas City dentist Thomas B. McCrum, from the Deener Dental Institute, contacted Disney and offered him the job of producing a short subject about dental hygiene intended for the Missouri school system,〔Capturing the Disney Magic Every Day of Your Life by Pat Williams ISBN 0-7573-0231-9〕 he brought together some of his staff again and made ''Tommy Tucker's Tooth''.,〔(''Tommy Tucker's Tooth'' ) at (The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts )〕 which earned the studio $500. Instead of paying off his creditors, the money were invested in the live-action/animation demonstration film ''Alice's Wonderland'', starring the youthful Virginia Davis.〔(Walt Disney: A Biography - Page 24 )〕 Walt had noted how popular the Out of the Inkwell series from the Fleischer Studios was, which had animated characters interacting with the real world. By reversing this gimmick and using a real-life character in a cartoon universe instead, he hoped for a hit.〔(Walt Disney's UB Iwerks Interview - Crazy College )〕 Virginia Davis's contract with Laugh-O-Gram was signed by her parents on April 23, 1923 with term giving her 5% of the Alice's Wonderland film's receipts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://kpolsson.com/disnehis/index.htm ) Source: page 49. Walt in Wonderland - The Silent Films of Walt Disney, by Russell Merritt and J.B. Kaufman, 1993.〕 Looking for a distributor for Alice's Wonderland on May 14, Disney wrote to Margaret Winkler, a New York film distributor. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://kpolsson.com/disnehis/index.htm ) Sources: *Page 22. Walt Disney - Hollywood's Dark Prince, by Marc Eliot, 1993. *Page 52. Walt in Wonderland - The Silent Films of Walt Disney, by Russell Merritt and J.B. Kaufman, 1993. *Page 79. Walt Disney - The Triumph of the American Imagination, by Neal Gabler, 2006.〕 After finishing the raw edits of Alice's Wonderland,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://kpolsson.com/disnehis/index.htm ) Sources: () () () () ()〕 the studio filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in July 1923.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://kpolsson.com/disnehis/index.htm ) Sources: () () () (spring ()) (August ())〕 Disney sold his movie camera, earning enough money for a one-way train ticket, moving to Hollywood, California; he brought along an unfinished reel of ''Alice's Wonderland''. The bankruptcy trustee was able to force LOGF's erstwhile distributor and debtor, Pictorial Films, Inc., to pay LOGF's agents the sum owned while agreeing that Pictorial could exercise its contractual distribution rights for LOGF works and to purchase several of LOGF's films: ''The Four Musicians of Bremen'', ''Jack the Giant Killer'', the ''Lafflets'' series, and ''Alice's Wonderland''.〔Page 143. (Walt Before Mickey: Disney's Early Years, 1919-1928 ). Timothy S. Susanin University Press of Mississippi, 2011.〕 In 2015 the Laugh-O-Gram brand was revived as a family entertainment media company. Their flagship products are a weekly all cartoon/comic strip newspaper "Laugh-O-Gram : The Weekly Comic Strip Paper" and feature films including the 2014 Walt Disney biopic As Dreamers Do. They also sell Laugh-O-Gram branded merchandise. The studio building fell to ruin and efforts were made to restore it by a non-profit group called "Thank You, Walt Disney". The Disney family promised $450,000 in matching funds for the rit other Disney memorabilia and to tell the history of Walt Disney's life in Kansas City), a movie house (to exhibit original and restored Laugh-O-Grams), and an education center (to tell people and children about animation and to make their own animations) inside the building. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Laugh-O-Gram Studio」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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